Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
S45000 is a low-alloy martensitic age-hardenable (precipitation-hardening) stainless steel. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / ASME / AMS / UNS) standard system.
With about 15% chromium, 6% nickel, 1.5% copper plus molybdenum and niobium, Custom 450 combines corrosion resistance similar to type 304 with moderate strength similar to type 410, and is easily fabricated. It has a yield strength somewhat above 690 MPa in the annealed condition, and a single low-temperature ageing treatment develops higher strength with good ductility and toughness. Because of its low work-hardening rate it can be extensively cold-formed, and it offers a particular advantage in ease of welding and brazing. It is generally supplied in the annealed condition and requires no further heat treatment for many applications, with a maximum continuous service temperature of about 425 °C.
Typical applications include aerospace components, gas- and steam-turbine blades, pump and valve parts, shafting, and pulp-and-paper, nuclear and chemical-process hardware requiring corrosion resistance with moderate strength.
Typical values, H1000 condition.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.75 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1400–1440 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 200 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 10.8 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 16.3 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 460 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Martensitic (precipitation-hardening) | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 14.0 | 16.0 | Corrosion resistance; martensite former |
| Nickel | Ni | 5.0 | 7.0 | Toughness; martensite stability |
| Copper | Cu | 1.25 | 1.75 | Precipitation-hardening phase |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.50 | 1.00 | Strength; corrosion resistance |
| Niobium | Nb | — | — | Stabiliser (8 × C minimum) |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.05 | Low (toughness) |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.030 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.030 | Residual impurity |
Typical values by ageing (H) condition, per ASTM A564 / AMS 5763 for UNS S45000.
| Condition | Tensile strength | 0.2% Yield | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|
| H900 | ≥1240 MPa (180 ksi) | ≥1170 MPa (170 ksi) | ~40 HRC |
| H950 | ≥1170 MPa (170 ksi) | ≥1100 MPa (160 ksi) | ~36 HRC |
| H1000 | ≥1100 MPa (160 ksi) | ≥1030 MPa (150 ksi) | ~34 HRC |
| H1150 | ≥860 MPa (125 ksi) | ≥725 MPa (105 ksi) | ~28 HRC |
| Annealed (Condition A) | ~965 MPa (140 ksi) | ≥690 MPa (100 ksi) | ~B96 HRB |
Confirm against the mill test report. Elongation typically ≥10–14% depending on condition; Charpy toughness is high (≥68 J typical).
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric / general | Very Good | Comparable to type 304; superior to 17-4PH |
| Salt spray (5 / 20% NaCl) | Very Good | Resists rusting and pitting at 35 °C |
| Mild acids | Good | At low concentrations |
| Oxidation | Good | Up to about 650 °C |
| Seawater | Moderate | Better than other martensitic PH grades |
Corrosion resistance is similar to type 304 and notably better than 17-4PH, with high toughness; best resistance is obtained in the over-aged conditions.
A martensitic precipitation-hardening alloy; supplied in the annealed (solution-treated) condition and hardened by a single low-temperature ageing treatment.
Solution Treatment (Condition A) Approximately 1025–1050 °C, hold, then cool rapidly (water quench preferred) to form a martensitic structure. Generally supplied solution-annealed.
Precipitation Hardening (Ageing) A single ageing treatment at 427–538 °C for ~4 hours, then air cool, develops higher strength. Ageing at ~482 °C gives the best combination of strength, ductility and toughness; over-ageing toward 538 °C raises ductility and lowers strength. Dimensional shrinkage of about 0.001 in/in occurs on ageing at 482 °C.
Readily welded and brazed — a particular advantage of this alloy — using shielded methods to limit contamination. A post-weld heat treatment restores full properties.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Excellent | Matching Custom 450-type filler |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Matching filler |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching electrode |
Weld in the annealed condition; re-age after welding to restore strength.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Preferred condition | Annealed (machinable in Condition A) |
| Work hardening | Low rate — allows extensive cold forming |
| Tooling | Positive feeds, slow speeds; carbide tooling |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Extensive cold forming possible (low work-hardening rate) |
| Hot forming | ~1150–950 °C; solution treat + age afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Structural and machined components | Corrosion resistance + moderate strength |
| Power generation | Gas/steam turbine blades, shafts | Strength + corrosion resistance |
| Pulp & paper | Process equipment, shafts | Corrosion resistance + toughness |
| Nuclear / chemical | Valve and pump components | Corrosion resistance + fabricability |
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | ASME / AMS |
|---|---|---|
| Bar, forgings, tubing and rings | ASTM A564 grade XM-25 | ASME SA-564 / AMS 5763 / 5773 |
| Plate, sheet and strip | ASTM A693 grade XM-25 | AMS 5863 / 5859 |
| Forgings | ASTM A705 grade XM-25 | ASME SA-705 |
| Spring wire | ASTM A313 (XM-25) | — |
Low-alloy martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel. UNS S45000.
| UNS | Cr % | Ni % | Cu % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S45000 | 14–16 | 5–7 | 1.25–1.75 | Mo, Nb | PH with 304-like corrosion resistance; fabricable |
| S45500 | 11.0–12.5 | 7.5–9.5 | 1.5–2.5 | Ti, Nb | Ultra-high-strength PH |
| S17400 | 15–17.5 | 3–5 | 3–5 | Nb | General-purpose martensitic PH |
| S15500 | 14–15.5 | 3.5–5.5 | 2.5–4.5 | Nb | High-strength PH; transverse toughness |
| S41000 | 11.5–13.5 | — | — | — | Martensitic, lower strength |
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